Glazgow club rented Cameroonian national team defender Jean-Joel Perrier-Doumbe for six months from the French side.
The Scottish champions also retain the option to buy the 28-year-old footballer for the next two years.
"I know they are a big club with a great history and great support," the player told the Celtic website. "It means a lot to me that the club not only performs well in the national championship but also participates in the Champions League."
"He can play on both the left and right side and is a strong defender," praised the player's agent Willie McKay. "He has a lot of experience, having played in two World Cups."
Last summer, Perrier-Doumbe was close to joining Middlesbrough, but negotiations fell through due to the player's injury.